Medicare Advantage

Medical Policy

Notification

Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring

Notification Issued Date:

This version of the policy will be effective on 06/24/2024.

The intent of this policy has not changed; however, the following CPT code has been added to this policy in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268) effective 01/01/2024:

93297

Title:

Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring

Policy #:

MA07.026r

Policy

This policy uses coverage criteria primarily based on applicable Medicare statutes, regulations, NCDs, LCDs, CMS manuals and other applicable Medicare coverage documents. In the absence of fully established coverage criteria from these Medicare coverage documents for a specific medical service or item, the criterion/indication/service indicated by an asterisk below (*) is based on internal coverage criteria developed by the Company in consideration of peer-reviewed medical literature, clinical practice guidelines, regulatory status, and/or expert opinion.

AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (AECG) MONITORING, INCLUDING MOBILE CARDIAC OUTPATIENT TELEMETRY (MCOT) MONITORING

Any of the following clinical criteria for AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, must be met to be considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered. In addition, the monitoring device's criteria listed below must also be met to be considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered.

MEDICALLY NECESSARY CLINICAL CRITERIA
Adult Clinical Criteria

AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered, under any of the following circumstances:

To establish the diagnosis for recurrent symptoms/conditions related to arrhythmia, such as presyncope, syncope, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, or dizziness, that are less frequent than once every 48 hours, when the diagnosis has not been determined by indicated diagnostic work-up (e.g., complete clinical history and physical examination, standard 12-lead electrocardiography [ECG], cardiac imaging)
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
To assess documented or suspected bradycardia
For individuals experiencing nocturnal arrhythmias
To monitor individuals who have had surgical or catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) when discontinuation of systemic anticoagulation is being considered* (Dagres et al., 2010; Pokushalov et al., 2011; Kapa et al., 2013; Verma et al., 2013)
To monitor individuals with cryptogenic stroke who have a negative work-up for AF when the etiology of the symptoms/conditions of arrhythmia has not been determined after indicated diagnostic work-up (e.g., a complete clinical history and physical examination, standard 12-lead ECG, cardiac imaging)* (Sposato et al., 2015; Kishore et al., 2014; Higgins et al., 2013; Sanna et al., 2014; Gladstone et al., 2014)
To assess the average heart rate and adequacy of rate control in an individual with AF
To assess the effectiveness of arrhythmia therapy (e.g., postablation) and/or aid in the regulation of antiarrhythmic drug dosages
To assess function of pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in order to evaluate any of the following:* (Crawford et al., 1999)
- Frequent symptoms of palpitation, syncope, or near syncope to assess device function to exclude myopotential inhibition and pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
- Frequent symptoms of palpitation, syncope, or near syncope to assist in programming parameters such as rate-responsivity and automatic mode switching
- Suspected component failure or malfunction when device interrogation is not definitive in establishing a diagnosis
- Response to adjunctive pharmacologic therapy in individuals receiving frequent ICD therapy
To evaluate individuals with idiopathic hypertrophic, dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathies, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, congenital heart disease, or Brugada syndrome to detect arrhythmias
To evaluate individuals for silent myocardial ischemia with known or suspected coronary artery disease
To evaluate prognosis following acute coronary syndrome

Pediatric Clinical Criteria

In accordance with the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, pediatric AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for the evaluation of the following indications:* (Crawford et al., 1999)

Syncope, near syncope, or dizziness with recognized heart disease, previously documented arrhythmia, or pacemaker dependency
Syncope or near syncope associated with exertion when the cause is not established by other methods
Hypertrophic or dilated cardiac myopathies
Possible or documented long QT syndromes
Palpitations in individuals with prior surgery for congenital heart disease and significant residual hemodynamic abnormalities
Antiarrhythmic drug efficacy
Asymptomatic congenital atrioventricular (AV) block, nonpaced

MEDICALLY NECESSARY MONITORING DEVICE CRITERIA

Monitoring Device Criteria (Adults and Pediatric Clinical Criteria)

Continuous AECG monitoring (24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring) is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for either of the following indications:

Results of this testing will provide diagnostic and/or treatment information useful in the ongoing management of the individual about and beyond that provided by standard 12-lead ECG.
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
Standard 12-lead ECG is documented in the medical record to be unlikely to capture and record an arrhythmia.

External cardiac event detection monitoring (e.g., external loop monitoring) is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for either of the following indications:

Results of this testing will provide diagnostic and/or treatment information useful in the ongoing management of the individual about and beyond that provided by continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring.
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
Continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring is documented in the medical record to be unlikely to capture and record an arrhythmia.

External cardiac event detection monitoring must be attended 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

External cardiac event detection monitoring devices that are individual activated are not indicated for individuals who are unresponsive, comatose, severely confused, or otherwise unable to recognize symptoms or activate the recorder device.* (Steinberg et al., 2017)

Symptomatic transient cardiac arrhythmias are typically detected within 2 months of external cardiac event detection monitoring. However, an extended period of monitoring may be considered for coverage by the Company in certain circumstances (i.e., efficacy of newly introduced antiarrhythmic medications, efficacy of cardiac medications postablation, severe symptoms of arrhythmia, and cryptogenic stroke).

Continuous AECG monitoring for periods greater than 48 hours (e.g., Zio® Patch) is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for either of the following indications:

Results of this testing will provide diagnostic and/or treatment information useful in the ongoing management of the individual about and beyond that provided by continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (e.g., external loop monitoring).
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
Continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (e.g., external loop monitoring) is documented in the medical record to be unlikely to capture and record an arrhythmia.

MCOT monitoring of non–life-threatening arrhythmias up to 30 consecutive days is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for either of the following indications:

Results of this testing will provide diagnostic and/or treatment information useful in the ongoing management of the individual about and beyond that provided by continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (e.g., external loop monitoring).
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
Continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (e.g., external loop monitoring) is documented in the medical record to be unlikely to capture and record an arrhythmia.

Cardiac event detection monitoring (implantable loop monitoring) is considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered for either of the following indications:

Results of this testing will provide diagnostic and/or treatment information useful in the ongoing management of the individual about and beyond that provided by continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (external loop monitoring).
- The ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.
Continuous 24- or 48-hour Holter monitoring and/or external cardiac event detection monitoring (external loop monitoring) is documented in the medical record to be unlikely to capture and record an arrhythmia.

Note: A 24- or 48-hour Holter monitor is most appropriate for individuals with daily or near daily symptoms. Otherwise, professional providers should order the most appropriate type of monitoring device based on their evaluation of the individual, the individual's symptoms, and the device's labeled indications. The duration of monitoring should be consistent with the individual's signs and symptoms.

NOT MEDICALLY NECESSARY

All other uses of AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, are considered not medically necessary and, therefore, not covered because the available published peer-reviewed literature does not support their use in the treatment of illness or injury.

EXPERIMENTAL/INVESTIGATIONAL

The use of AECG monitoring managed through a mobile application for smartphones (e.g., AliveCor, KardiaMobile) and smartwatches is considered experimental/investigational and, therefore, not covered because their safety and/or effectiveness cannot be established by review of the available published peer-reviewed literature.* (Spooner et al., 2025; Joglar et al., 2024; Hindricks et al., 2021)

REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION

The individual's medical record must reflect the medical necessity for the care provided. These medical records may include, but are not limited to: records from the professional provider's office, hospital, nursing home, home health agencies, therapies, and test reports.

The Company may conduct reviews and audits of services to our members, regardless of the participation status of the provider. All documentation is to be available to the Company upon request. Failure to produce the requested information may result in a denial for the service.

When the etiology of the symptoms/conditions of arrhythmia has not been determined after a 24- or 48-hour continuous Holter monitoring or other appropriate AECG monitoring including MCOT monitoring, the ordering professional provider must document the prior testing performed and the results.

ELIGIBLE FOR REIMBURSEMENT

TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL
AECG Monitoring, Including MCOT Monitoring

The professional component for AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, is for the review and interpretation with report by a professional provider. When a technician, who is employed by the professional provider, retrieves and reviews data from a secure server via modem, the service is included in the reimbursement for the professional component.

External Loop Monitoring and MCOT Monitoring

The technical component (e.g., technical support for connection, individual instructions for use, remote data acquisition, technical analysis and transmission of daily and emergent data reports as prescribed by the professional provider) for external loop monitoring and MCOT monitoring is only reimbursable to the monitoring center or independent diagnostic testing facility that is gathering and transmitting the data to the professional provider for review.

Implantable Loop Monitoring

For implantable loop monitoring, the technical component is only reimbursable to an independent diagnostic testing facility that is gathering and transmitting data to a professional provider for review.

EXTERNAL CARDIAC EVENT DETECTION MONITORING, MCOT MONITORING, AND IMPLANTABLE LOOP MONITORING
Reimbursement for external cardiac event detection monitoring, MCOT monitoring, and implantable loop monitoring, electronic analysis (e.g., the retrieval, viewing, printing, and saving of an ECG associated with a patient-activated syncopal event) of the data is allowed once in a 30-day period, regardless of the number of events or recordings that occur during this time frame.

NOT ELIGIBLE FOR REIMBURSEMENT

AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY MONITORING, INCLUDING MCOT MONITORING
The use of multiple forms of AECG including MCOT monitoring provided to the same individual on the same day is not eligible for coverage or reimbursement by the Company.

Guidelines

This policy is consistent with Medicare’s coverage determination. The Company’s payment methodology may differ from Medicare.

The use of ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) monitoring, including mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT) monitoring devices, to diagnose and treat suspected arrhythmia should not be substituted for more conventional methods of diagnosis, such as a clinical history, physical examination, and standard electrocardiogram (ECG) and rhythm strip.

AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, should only be reported for individuals being evaluated as outpatients and not used for review and interpretation of ECG rhythm strips generated by inpatient cardiac monitors or telemetry. It should not be reported for individuals in hospitals, emergency rooms, skilled nursing facilities, or other specialized facilities.

Providers of monitoring centers should be capable of receiving and recording transmissions 24 hours a day, 365 days a year while the individual is wearing the device. This includes receipt of the ECG signal, as well as a voice transmission that relates any associated symptoms. The transmission should be received by a technician, nurse, or physician trained in the interpretation of ECGs and abnormal rhythms. A professional provider should be available for immediate consultation 24 hours a day to review the transmission in case of significant symptoms or ECG abnormalities. Monitoring centers should also be capable of notifying an individual's attending professional provider immediately, when indicated.

BENEFIT APPLICATION

Subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable Evidence of Coverage, AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring, is covered under the medical benefits of the Company’s Medicare Advantage products when the medical necessity criteria listed in this medical policy are met.

US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) STATUS

There are numerous devices approved by the FDA for AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring.

Description

There are a wide variety of devices available for ambulatory cardiac monitoring. The primary purpose of ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) monitoring is the evaluation of suspected arrhythmias that have not been detected in office- or hospital-based monitoring, generally while the individual is engaged in daily activities, including sleep. These devices differ in the types of monitoring leads used, the duration and continuity of monitoring, the ability to detect arrhythmias without individual intervention, and the mechanism of delivery or information from the individual to the clinician. Traditionally, these devices may be used for the evaluation of symptoms suggestive of arrhythmias such as syncope or palpitations. Other common clinical uses include the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals who have undergone cardiac ablation of AF, or who have a history of cryptogenic stroke; the assessment of treatment response to antiarrhythmic therapy; the assessment of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) function; the evaluation of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; or the evaluation for suspected myocardial ischemia.

CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (AECG) MONITORING (HOLTER MONITORING)

Continuous AECG monitoring (

Holter monitoring) is a noninvasive test in which the electrocardiogram (ECG) is continuously recorded over an extended period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours, to evaluate fairly frequent symptoms (e.g., palpitations, dizziness, syncope) suggestive of cardiac arrhythmias. A

Holter monitor is about the size of a large deck of cards. It can be clipped to a belt or carried in a pocket. Wires connect the device to electrodes that are placed on specified areas of the chest using sticky patches. These electrodes (sensors) detect the heart's electrical signals, and the monitor records heart rhythm. The heart's activity is recorded rather than transmitted.

Holter monitoring, however, may be ineffective in detecting arrhythmias if an individual experiences infrequent symptoms. Therefore, the sensitivity of

Holter monitoring is low for the detection of arrhythmias that are intermittent.

POST-EVENT CARDIAC DETECTION MONITORING

A cardiac event detection monitor can be either a hand-held device or worn on a wrist. When the individual feels a symptom or irregular heartbeat, the monitor is placed on the chest and a recording button is activated. The back of this device has small metal discs that function as the electrodes. If the monitor is worn on a wrist, a button is pressed to record. Some of these types of cardiac event detection monitors typically only record the rhythm that occurs with an individual's perceived symptoms and not those events that are asymptomatic. These monitors, referred to as

postevent monitors, are of limited utility, as they do not include a memory loop, so they have no memory to allow recording of the rhythm before the device is activated. The device transmits ECG data telephonically to a central monitoring center and then is uploaded to a secured computer for analysis.

For example, in September 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave 510(k) approval to the REKA E100™ system, a

noncontinuous single-lead cardiac event detection monitor. This device is the size of a hockey puck and weighs no more than a few ounces. There are two options depending on the individual's circulation: a zero-lead device that is separate from the body and may be carried in a purse or coat pocket; or, if an individual's circulation is determined to be inadequate, a single electrode lead that the individual connects to the device at the time of an event. The zero-lead device records an event by individual activation and can record and store up to 2000 readings. The individual has the choice of sending stored event information to the monitoring center across a phone application or the Internet on their computer. The monitoring center provides the EGG data to the referring professional provider for evaluation.

EXTERNAL CARDIAC EVENT DETECTION MONITORING (EXTERNAL LOOP MONITORING)

External cardiac event detection monitoring (external loop monitoring) typically involves long-term (30 days or more) monitoring of the heart rhythm of an individual with significant, but very infrequent, symptoms that are suggestive of transient cardiac arrhythmia. The infrequency of the arrhythmia makes it difficult to identify on a 24- or 48-hour continuous

Holter monitor.

External cardiac event detection monitoring (external loop monitoring) is initiated in either the office or the home setting. The device is an ECG recording monitor with a continuous loop that attaches to the chest with electrodes, and is typically worn up to 1 month or longer. The device records the ECG in a continuous manner, but stores only a brief period of ECG recording in memory. When the event marker is activated at the time of a symptom, the device's looping memory is individually programmed to record an ECG 30 to 90 seconds prior to activation, and the next minute or so after activation. In addition to patient-activated monitoring,

autotriggering monitoring is available.

Autotriggering loop monitors have the capability to be automatically activated in the case of a predefined arrhythmia, such as asystole of greater than 3 seconds, and/or other variable rate and rhythm intervals.

Autotriggering loop monitors do not rely on an individual's ability to activate and, as a result, are able to capture asymptomatic, in addition to symptomatic, events.

Information may be stored in the device and later reviewed or transmitted from the monitoring device to a receiving monitoring center where the data are reviewed. The transmission ranges from the simple, analog dial-in

transtelephonic system, to a cellular phone link, or a wireless link or Internet-based in-home computer that captures and stores ECG data. Currently, no one system is proven to be superior to another.

A representative example of a patient-activated external looping monitor includes Zio® Event Card (

iRhythm Technologies, Inc., San Francisco, CA). In June 2008, the FDA gave 510(k) approval to a

noncontinuous real-time recording device, Zio® Event Card (

iRhythm Technologies, Inc., San Francisco, CA), that can be worn up to 30 days. This device can be worn under clothing (including during sleep), as it weighs less than 2 ounces and is similar in size to a standard credit card. Upon activation by the individual, the card is able to record the previous 45 seconds of ECG activity into memory plus the first 15 seconds after the button is pushed. This is made possible because this device continuously scans for ECG activity but only records upon symptom activation. After the device is activated, the individual is responsible for calling the

iRhythm National Clinical Center (NCC), which then instructs the individual on sending the event over the phone line.

Other devices for external loop monitoring include King of Hearts Express® AF (

Istromedix®, San Diego, CA), Looping Multi-Event Monitor (

CardioNet Inc., Conshohocken, PA), and

LifeStar AF Express (Life Watch, Buffalo Grove, IL).

CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY MONITORING (AECG) FOR PERIODS GREATER THAN 48 HOURS

Despite the clinical utility of 24- or 48-hour continuous

Holter monitoring in clinical cardiology, issues such as diagnostic yield and individual compliance have prompted the development of ultraportable devices for extended monitoring, referred to as ECG patch monitors. For example, the FDA approved the Zio® Patch, Model Z100 and the Zio® Patch (

iRhythm Technologies Inc., San Francisco, CA) in May 2009 and February 2012, respectively. Both approvals carry the same indication for use as a prescription-only, single-use, continuous recording ECG monitor that can be worn for up to 14 days. It is indicated for use on individuals who experience transient symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, shortness of breath, or chest pains. The Zio® Patch system is most analogous to a 24- or 48-hour continuous

Holter monitor that records and stores information. The available published peer-reviewed literature suggests that Zio® Patch typically detects a greater number of arrhythmias during extended follow-up than 24- or 48-hour

Holter monitor. This system consists of a patch worn over the left pectoral region of the body that records continuously for up to 14 days, while the individual keeps a symptom log. At the end of the recording period, the individual mails back the recorder in a prepaid envelope to a central center where the ECG data are analyzed via a proprietary algorithm using the Zio ECG Utilization Service (ZEUS) System. A full report is provided to the referring professional provider for interpretation and clinical management.

Other similar continuous AECG monitoring devices with recording periods greater than 48 hours include CAM™ (

BardyDx, Vashon Island, WA),

myPatch® (

Dms-Service LLC, Santa Monica, CA), and Stealth™ Monitor (Cardiac Insight Inc., Bellevue, WA).

MOBILE CARDIAC OUTPATIENT TELEMETRY (MCOT) MONITORING

Although many monitors have automatic activation capability and allow the individual to transmit data to a monitoring center, they do not automatically transmit the data at the time of occurrence to an attended monitoring center. An MCOT is an automatically activated device that requires no active intervention to capture or transmit an arrhythmia when it occurs, although data can also be recorded through patient activation. MCOT is the real-time transmission of the individual's cardiac activity to a receiving monitoring center that converts this electronic transmission into a visible image that is constantly and continuously displayed on a monitor in the receiving monitoring center, so that qualified technicians located in the receiving monitoring center can provide immediate and accurate surveillance of the individual's cardiac activity 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The individual's referring professional provider is made aware of arrhythmias based on predetermined notification criteria specific to that individual. The ability to respond immediately when clinically important arrhythmias occur is the major advantage of real-time MCOT monitoring.

For example,

CardioNet® Inc. (Conshohocken, PA) offers MCOT monitoring. In this system, the individual wears a three-lead sensor, which constantly communicates with the

CardioNet® monitor, a lightweight unit that can be carried in a pocket or a purse. When an arrhythmia is detected according to preset parameters, the ECG is automatically transmitted to a central

CardioNet® service center, where the ECG is immediately interpreted, with results sent to the referring professional provider. The referring professional provider can request the level and timing of response, ranging from daily reports to stat results. Other systems for MCOT monitoring include the

HEARTLink II™ system (Cardiac Telecom Corp., Greensburg, PA), the Vital Signs Transmitter (VST™;

Biowatch Medical, Columbia, SC), and the

LifeStar™ Ambulatory Cardiac Telemetry (ACT) system (Card Guard Scientific Survival Ltd., Israel).

In February 2014, the FDA gave 510(k) approval to the

Nuvant Mobile Cardiac Telemetry (MCT) System, now known as SEEQ™ MCT (Medtronic, Inc. Minneapolis, MN). SEEQ MCT is a one-time use, wearable adhesive cardiac sensor that can be worn up to 30 days. SEEQ MCT is intended to continuously measure, record, and periodically transmit physiological data. The wearable, wireless-enabled sensor continuously monitors the heart and automatically transmits rhythm abnormalities to the

cardiographic technicians at the Medtronic Monitoring Center. Individuals can also trigger transmission of ECGs when they experience cardiac symptoms by using the trigger button. Reports are provided to the referring professional providers for review and analysis. This system is indicated for those individuals who require monitoring for the detection of nonlethal cardiac arrhythmias such as, but not limited to, supraventricular

tachycardias (SVTs) (e.g., AF, atrial flutter, paroxysmal SVTs), ventricular ectopy,

bradyarrhythmias, and conduction disorders.

In August 2012, the FDA gave 510(k) clearance to the

BodyGuardian Remote Monitoring System™ (Price® Inc., Minneapolis, MN). The monitoring system continuously detects and records a variety of physiologic data including ECG tracing, respiratory rate, and activity level for up to 30 days. The data are delivered securely from the

BodyGuardian Control Unit to the

BodyGuardian Connect smartphone device. In turn, the individual data are wirelessly delivered to the Price®

CarePlatform, a cloud-based

mHealth platform that collects real-time data from devices and delivers information to the referring professional providers.

In November 2011, the FDA gave 510(k) clearance to the

VectraplexECG™ System (

VectraCor Inc., Totowa, NJ, and Maple Grove, MN). This device is a real-time continuous MCOT device to measure ischemic ECG changes that can be indicative of a myocardial infarction (MI). This device uses the Internet to communicate real-time ECG changes to the professional provider. The individual is hooked up to a

minitablet by either five electrodes, which communicate 15-lead ECG data, or 10 electrodes that communicate 12-lead ECG data. Although this system is primarily intended to monitor for ischemia, the continuous ECG monitoring would presumably detect rhythm disturbances, as well as ischemic changes.

CARDIAC EVENT DETECTION MONITORING (IMPLANTABLE LOOP MONITORING)

A cardiac event detection monitor (implantable loop monitor) is an implantable device that is inserted subcutaneously, usually in a left pectoral or mammary location. The electrodes that sense the heart's activity are on the surface of the device, so no

transvenous leads are necessary. Prior to the device insertion, the monitor may be initially programmed. For a patient-activated monitoring system, when symptoms occur, the individual uses a hand-held activator to store a segment of the ECG in the device's memory.

Autotriggering technology can be adapted to the implantable cardiac loop monitoring devices. For example, implantable

autotrigger loop monitors have the capability to be automatically activated in the case of a predefined arrhythmia such as asystole of greater than 3 seconds, and/or other variable rate and rhythm intervals. The device's looping memory is individually programmed to record an ECG 30 to 90 seconds prior to activation. The newest generations of these devices allow remote transmission of data, and have a projected longevity of the device's battery for up to 3 years. The professional provider utilizes a programmer to retrieve, display, and print stored data. Implantable cardiac loop monitors have the capacity to record cardiac events for approximately 3 years and to store many separate events.

For example, the Reveal® XT ICM (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) is an implantable memory loop device cleared for marketing by the FDA in 2008 that allows patient-activated rhythm recording, rhythm recording at

prespecified time intervals, or

autotriggered rhythm recording. In February 2014, the FDA cleared for marketing the Reveal LINQ™, a miniaturized implantable memory loop device with an approximate volume of 1 mL that includes

autotriggered or patient-activated rhythm recording.

The current clinical use of an implantable cardiac loop monitor involves the evaluation of transient, recurrent symptoms of possible arrhythmic origin, after a trial of cardiac event detection monitoring (i.e., external loop monitoring) does not yield a definitive diagnosis, and long-term monitoring is needed.

AECG MONITORING MANAGED THROUGH MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR SMARTPHONE AND SMARTWATCH TECHNOLOGY

The

transtelephonic ECG event recorder records, stores, and transfers single-channel ECG rhythms (e.g.,

KardiaMobile [previously

AliveCor ECG,

AliveCor Heart Monitor],

KardiaBand). These devices utilize the processing power of a mobile application to obtain and analyze single-channel ECG. The device is placed on the chest or held by the individual’s hands while pressing fingers from each hand onto the electrodes to provide a single-channel ECG rhythm strip. Similar to other mobile ECG devices, the devices use a proprietary method of data transmission using acoustic waves to communicate with the mobile application where the waveform is stored, displayed, and analyzed for the presence of an irregular heart rhythm. They are designed to work in conjunction with a range of mobile platforms, including iPhone, iPad, and Android devices and may be obtained without a prescription. AECG monitoring managed through mobile applications for smartphone and smartwatch technology are intended for use by healthcare professionals, individuals with known or suspected heart conditions, and health-conscious individuals. These devices provide a single-lead ECG and cannot provide the level and detail obtained by the typical 12-lead ECG performed by professional providers.

The accuracy of smartphone-based applications intended to measure heart rate varies widely. Investigators evaluated the accuracy of four randomly selected, commercially available applications intended to measure heart rate using two types of smart phones (iOS) (

Coppetti et al., 2017). The applications are based on

photoplethysmography, an optical technique that measures light reflectance to detect blood volume changes in the microvasculature. The two contact-based applications require individuals to place a finger on the smart phone's built-in camera. Researchers randomly recruited 108 noncritical individuals who required heart rate monitoring in a chest pain unit or emergency department. They measured heart rate simultaneously using the applications on both smartphones, conventional ECG, and pulse oximetry. The researchers found differences greater than 20 beats per minute compared to ECG in more than 20% of application measurements. Noncontact applications performed worse than contact applications, especially at higher heart rates and lower body temperatures. Noncontact applications tended to overestimate higher heart rates. Further, both contact applications performed differently. Researchers could not attribute the divergent contact application performance to camera technology, age, body temperature, or heart rate itself, suggesting the application's proprietary algorithm was the cause.

In addition, there is currently a lack of evidence to support the clinical value of AECG monitoring managed through mobile applications for smartphone and smartwatch technology. Prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to ascertain how the use of these devices would improve clinical outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular diseases/disorders.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (AECG) TYPE

Generally, the selection of a specific AECG monitoring device is based on the frequency with which the individual’s symptoms, thought to be related to cardiac arrhythmia, occur. For example, individuals with infrequent short periods of transient symptoms recurring over longer periods of time are unlikely to be diagnosed by conventional 24- or 48-hour continuous

Holter monitoring, as the likelihood of symptom-ECG correlation is very low (

Brignole et al., 2009).

According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography (2001), there are no specific guidelines that distinguish individuals for whom it is appropriate to perform continuous monitoring from those for whom intermittent monitoring is adequate. However, when monitoring is performed to evaluate the cause of intermittent symptoms, the frequency of symptoms should dictate the type of recording. However, more recently, in 2006, the AHA/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) stated that

Holter monitoring is appropriate for episodes that occur at least every day, and cardiac event detection monitoring is ideal for less-frequent episodes that occur at least once a month. Implantable loop monitoring is considered the most likely technology to identify the mechanism of syncope in individuals with unexplained syncope.

PRACTICE GUIDELINES

In 2024, the ACC issued a consensus statement on practical approaches for arrhythmia monitoring after a stroke. The statement recommends 2 to 4 weeks of cardiac monitoring following a stroke, indicating that an implantable cardiac monitor may be used for those who are at high risk of developing AF.

In 2024, the EHRA/HRS/APHRS/LAHRS issued a consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of AF. The statement identifies that a standard 12-lead ECG should be utilized during the standard 2- to 3-month follow-up period and evaluated on an annual basis thereafter.

In 2024, the HRS issued a consensus statement on arrhythmias in athletes. The statement outlines various clinical pathways for monitoring AF, including the standard 12-lead ECG, ambulatory rhythm monitoring, and smartwatches. The statement suggests that single-patch electrode ambulatory monitors can diagnose arrhythmia burden for up to 30 days among those with frequent symptoms.

In 2023, the ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS issued guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AF. These guidelines recommend initial cardiac monitoring and, if needed, extended monitoring with an implantable loop recorder for individuals with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) of undetermined cause.

In 2021, the AHA/ASA issued guidelines for the prevention of stroke in individuals with stroke and transient ischemic attack. These guidelines recommend long-term rhythm monitoring with MCOT, implantable loop recorder, or other approach as reasonable to detect intermittent AF in individuals with cryptogenic stroke who do not have a contraindication to anticoagulation.

In 2020, the AHA/ACC issued guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Class I recommendations (i.e., conditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that the test is useful and effective) include 24-hour continuous AECG monitoring (

Holter monitoring) or event recording monitoring for specified individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The use of cardiac event detection monitoring

postablation is addressed in a consensus document published in 2017 by the HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE on catheter and surgical ablation for AF. This document provides general recommendations based on literature review and expert consensus. Based on such recommendations, following ablation for AF, individuals in whom discontinuation of systemic anticoagulation is being considered should consider undergoing continuous ECG monitoring.

In 2014 the American Academy of Neurology released updated guidelines on the prevention of stroke in individuals with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The guidelines make the following recommendations regarding the identification of individuals with occult NVAF:

Outpatient cardiac rhythm studies may be obtained in individuals with cryptogenic stroke without known NVAF in order to identify individuals with occult NVAF.
Cardiac rhythm studies for prolonged periods (e.g., 1 or more weeks) instead of shorter periods (e.g., 24 hours) may be obtained in individuals with cryptogenic stroke without known NVAF in order to increase the yield of identification of individuals with occult NVAF.

In the 1999 Guidelines for AECG, the ACC/AHA discuss the following as a Class I indications:

Symptoms that may be related to disturbances of heart rhythm
Efficacy of antiarrhythmic therapy
Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) function
Pediatric individuals

According to the ACC/AHA Guidelines for AECG, as in adults, selection of the method of monitoring (i.e., continuous recording versus patient-activated) for the pediatric population is predicated on the frequency and symptoms of the arrhythmia. Generally, the indications for pediatric AECG monitoring include the following:

The evaluation of symptoms that may be arrhythmia related
Risk assessment in individuals with cardiovascular disease, with or without symptoms of an arrhythmia
The evaluation of cardiac rhythm after an intervention such as drug therapy or device implantation

TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMPONENTS

Ambulatory ECG technology varies among different devices. Ambulatory ECG may include technical and professional components. The technical component comprises the portion of the procedure or service performed by the monitoring center or independent diagnostic testing facility, and the equipment used for the procedure or service.

The professional component is the portion of the procedure or service performed by a professional provider, which includes the interpretation, analysis, and a detailed signed written report of the results of the procedure or service.

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Coding

CPT Procedure Code Number(s)

MEDICALLY NECESSARY

0650T, 0937T, 0938T, 0939T, 0940T, 33285, 33286, 93224, 93225, 93226, 93227, 93228, 93229, 93241, 93242, 93243, 93244, 93245, 93246, 93247, 93248, 93268, 93270, 93271, 93272, 93285, 93291, 93298

ICD - 10 Procedure Code Number(s)

N/A

ICD - 10 Diagnosis Code Number(s)

MEDICALLY NECESSARY


G45.1	Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric)
G45.2	Multiple and bilateral precerebral artery syndromes
G45.3	Amaurosis fugax
G45.8	Other transient cerebral ischemic attacks and related syndromes
G45.9	Transient cerebral ischemic attack, unspecified
G46.0	Middle cerebral artery syndrome
G46.1	Anterior cerebral artery syndrome
G46.2	Posterior cerebral artery syndrome
G90.01	Carotid sinus syncope
G90.A	Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome [POTS]
I20.0	Unstable angina
I20.1	Angina pectoris with documented spasm
I20.81	Angina pectoris with coronary microvascular dysfunction
I20.89	Other forms of angina pectoris
I21.01	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left main coronary artery
I21.02	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left anterior descending coronary artery
I21.09	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving other coronary artery of anterior wall
I21.11	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving right coronary artery
I21.19	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving other coronary artery of inferior wall
I21.21	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left circumflex coronary artery
I21.29	ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving other sites
I21.4	Non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction
I21.A1	Myocardial infarction type 2
I21.A9	Other myocardial infarction type
I21.B	Myocardial infarction with coronary microvascular dysfunction
I22.0	Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of anterior wall
I22.1	Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of inferior wall
I22.2	Subsequent non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction
I22.8	Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of other sites
I23.7	Postinfarction angina
I24.81	Acute coronary microvascular dysfunction
I24.89	Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease
I25.10	Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris
I25.110	Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with unstable angina pectoris
I25.111	Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.112	Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with refractory angina pectoris
I25.118	Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.2	Old myocardial infarction
I25.3	Aneurysm of heart
I25.41	Coronary artery aneurysm
I25.5	Ischemic cardiomyopathy
I25.6	Silent myocardial ischemia
I25.710	Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.711	Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.712	Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.718	Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.720	Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.721	Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.722	Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.728	Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.730	Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.731	Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.732	Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.738	Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.750	Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with unstable angina
I25.751	Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.752	Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with refractory angina pectoris
I25.758	Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.760	Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with unstable angina
I25.761	Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.762	Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with refractory angina pectoris
I25.768	Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.790	Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.791	Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.792	Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.798	Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.810	Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s) without angina pectoris
I25.811	Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart without angina pectoris
I25.812	Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart without angina pectoris
I25.82	Chronic total occlusion of coronary artery
I25.83	Chronic atherosclerosis due to lipid rich plaque
I25.84	Coronary atherosclerosis due to calcified coronary lesion
I25.85	Chronic coronary microvascular dysfunction
I25.89	Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease
I42.0	Dilated cardiomyopathy
I42.1	Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
I42.2	Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
I42.3	Endomycardial (eosinophilic) disease
I42.4	Endocardial fibroelastosis
I42.5	Other restrictive cardiomyopathy
I42.6	Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
I42.7	Cardiomyopathy due to drug and external agent
I42.8	Other cardiomyopathies
I43	Cardiomyopathy in diseases classified elsewhere
I44.0	Atrioventricular block, first degree
I44.1	Atrioventricular block, second degree
I44.2	Atrioventricular block, complete
I44.30	Unspecified atrioventricular block
I44.39	Other atrioventricular block
I44.4	Left anterior fascicular block
I44.5	Left posterior fascicular block
I44.60	Unspecified fascicular block
I44.69	Other fascicular block
I44.7	Left bundle-branch block, unspecified
I45.0	Right fascicular block
I45.10	Unspecified right bundle-branch block
I45.19	Other right bundle-branch block
I45.2	Bifascicular block
I45.3	Trifascicular block
I45.4	Nonspecific intraventricular block
I45.5	Other specified heart block
I45.6	Pre-excitation syndrome
I45.81	Long QT syndrome
I45.89	Other specified conduction disorders
I45.9	Conduction disorder, unspecified
I46.2	Cardiac arrest due to underlying cardiac condition
I46.8	Cardiac arrest due to other underlying condition
I46.9	Cardiac arrest, cause unspecified
I47.0	Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
I47.10	Supraventricular tachycardia, unspecified
I47.11	Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, so stated
I47.19	Other supraventricular tachycardia
I47.20	Ventricular tachycardia, unspecified
I47.21	Torsades de pointes
I47.29	Other ventricular tachycardia
I47.9	Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
I48.0	Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
I48.11	Longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.19	Other persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.20	Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified
I48.21	Permanent atrial fibrillation
I48.3	Typical atrial flutter
I48.4	Atypical atrial flutter
I48.91	Unspecified atrial fibrillation
I48.92	Unspecified atrial flutter
I49.01	Ventricular fibrillation
I49.02	Ventricular flutter
I49.1	Atrial premature depolarization
I49.2	Junctional premature depolarization
I49.3	Ventricular premature depolarization
I49.40	Unspecified premature depolarization
I49.49	Other premature depolarization
I49.5	Sick sinus syndrome
I49.8	Other specified cardiac arrhythmias
I49.9	Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
I5A	Non-ischemic myocardial injury (non-traumatic)
I63.541	Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.542	Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.59	Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other cerebral artery
I63.89	Other cerebral infarction
I63.9	Cerebral infarction, unspecified
I67.841	Reversible cerebrovascular vasoconstriction syndrome
I67.848	Other cerebrovascular vasospasm and vasoconstriction
I97.120	Postprocedural cardiac arrest following cardiac surgery
I97.121	Postprocedural cardiac arrest following other surgery
I97.190	Other postprocedural cardiac functional disturbances following cardiac surgery
I97.191	Other postprocedural cardiac functional disturbances following other surgery
Q20.3	Discordant ventriculoarterial connection
Q20.5	Discordant atrioventricular connection
Q20.8	Other congenital malformations of cardiac chambers and connections
Q20.9	Congenital malformation of cardiac chambers and connections, unspecified
Q21.11	Secundum atrial septal defect
Q21.12	Patent foramen ovale
Q21.13	Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
Q21.21	Partial atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.22	Transitional atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.23	Complete atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.3	Tetralogy of Fallot
Q24.6	Congenital heart block
R00.0	Tachycardia, unspecified
R00.1	Bradycardia, unspecified
R00.2	Palpitations
R00.8	Other abnormalities of heart beat
R06.00	Dyspnea, unspecified
R06.01	Orthopnea
R06.02	Shortness of breath
R06.09	Other forms of dyspnea
R06.3	Periodic breathing
R07.1	Chest pain on breathing
R07.2	Precordial pain
R07.89	Other chest pain
R07.9	Chest pain, unspecified
R10.13	Epigastric pain
R40.4	Transient alteration of awareness
R42	Dizziness and giddiness
R55	Syncope and collapse
R94.31	Abnormal electrocardiogram [ECG] [EKG]
Z86.73	Personal history of transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral infarction without residual deficits
Z86.74	Personal history of sudden cardiac arrest

HCPCS Level II Code Number(s)

C1764	Event recorder, cardiac (implantable)
C1833	Monitor, cardiac, including intracardiac lead and all system components (implantable)
E0616	Implantable cardiac event recorder with memory, activator, and programmer

Revenue Code Number(s)

N/A

MPMiscCodesNarrativesPub

Coding and Billing Requirements

Cross Reference

Policy History

Revisions From MA07.026r:

01/01/2025

This version of the policy will be issued on 05/19/2025 with a retroactive effective date of 01/01/2025.

The intent of this policy has not changed; however, the Company's position on the following CPT codes has changed from experimental/investigational to medically necessary in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268):
0937T, 0938T, 0939T, 0940T

Similarly, the frequency limit for Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry was removed.

Further, the following ICD-10 code was removed:

Z09 Encounter for follow-up examination after completed treatment for conditions other than malignant neoplasm

Revisions From MA07.026q:

01/01/2025

This version of the policy will be effective on 01/01/2025.

The intent of this policy has not changed; however, the following CPT code has been removed from this policy in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268).

93297 (retro-effective 01/01/2024)

The following CPT codes were added to this policy as experimental/investigational:

0937T, 0938T, 0939T, 0940T

In addition, the following ICD-10 code was removed from this policy:

I63.549 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebellar artery

Revisions From MA07.026p:

06/22/2024

This version of the policy will be published on 06/24/2024.

The intent of this policy has not changed, however, the following CPT code has been added to this policy in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268) effective 01/01/2024:

93297

Revisions From MA07.026o:

01/02/2024

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of
the policy was completed at this time.

This policy has been identified for the HCPCS code update, effective 01/02/2024.

The following HCPCS code has been termed and removed from this policy:
G2066 Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system, implantable loop recorder system, or subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, remote data acquisition(s), receipt of transmissions and technician review, technical support and distribution of results

Revisions From MA07.026n:

01/01/2024	Effective 01/01/2024 this policy applies to New Jersey Medicare Advantage (MA) lines of business.
11/15/2023	This version of the policy will be published on11/15/2023. The intent of this policy has not changed, however, the following ICD-10 codes have been added to this policy in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268) retro-effective to 06/11/2023: Q20.3 Discordant ventriculoarterial connection Q20.5 Discordant atrioventricular connection Q20.8 Other congenital malformations of cardiac chambers and connections Q20.9 Congenital malformation of cardiac chambers and connections, unspecified Q21.11 Secundum atrial septal defect Q21.12 Patent foramen ovale Q21.13 Coronary sinus atrial septal defect Q21.21 Partial atrioventricular septal defect Q21.22 Transitional atrioventricular septal defect Q21.23 Complete atrioventricular septal defect Q21.3 Tetralogy of Fallot

01/01/2024

Effective 01/01/2024 this policy applies to New Jersey Medicare Advantage (MA) lines of business.

11/15/2023

This version of the policy will be published on11/15/2023.

The intent of this policy has not changed, however, the following ICD-10 codes have been added to this policy in accordance with Novitas local coverage article (A59268) retro-effective to 06/11/2023:

Q20.3    Discordant ventriculoarterial connection
Q20.5    Discordant atrioventricular connection
Q20.8    Other congenital malformations of cardiac chambers and connections
Q20.9    Congenital malformation of cardiac chambers and connections, unspecified
Q21.11 Secundum atrial septal defect
Q21.12 Patent foramen ovale
Q21.13 Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
Q21.21 Partial atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.22 Transitional atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.23 Complete atrioventricular septal defect
Q21.3    Tetralogy of Fallot

Revisions From MA07.026m:

10/01/2023

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of

the policy was completed at this time.

This policy has been identified for the ICD-10 code update, effective 10/01/2023.

The following ICD-10 codes have been termed and removed from this policy:

I20.8 Other forms of angina pectoris

I24.8 Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease

147.1 Supraventricular tachycardia

The following ICD-10 codes have been added to this policy:

I20.81 Angina pectoris with coronary microvascular dysfunction

I20.89 Other forms of angina pectoris

I21.B Myocardial infarction with coronary microvascular dysfunction

I24.81 Acute coronary microvascular dysfunction

I24.89 Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease

I25.85 Chronic coronary microvascular dysfunction

I47.10 Supraventricular tachycardia, unspecified

I47.11 Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, so stated

I47.19 Other supraventricular tachycardia

The following ICD-10 code narrative has been revised in this policy: I25.112

FROM: Atherosclerosic heart disease of native coronary artery with refractory angina pectoris

TO: Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with refractory angina pectoris

Revisions From MA07.026l:

06/11/2023

This version of the policy will be published on 08/14/2023 with a retro-effective date of 06/11/2023.

The intent of this policy has not changed, however, the policy clinical criteria has been revised to include several indications in accordance with Novitas Solutions, Inc. Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Ambulatory Electrocardiograph (AECG) Monitoring (L39490) and article (A59268) effective 06/11/2023.

The Company’s coverage position has changed from Experimental/Investigational to Not Medically Necessary for all other uses of AECG monitoring, including MCOT monitoring not listed in the policy criteria.

In addition, the following ICD-10 CM codes have been added to this policy:

G45.3, G90.01, I20.0, I20.1, I20.8, I21.01, I21.02, I21.09, I21.11, I21.19, I21.21, I21.29, I21.4, I21.A1, I21.A9, I22.0, I22.1, I22.2, I22.8, I23.7, I24.8, I25.10, I25.110, I25.111, I25.112, I25.118, I25.2, I25.3, I25.41, I25.5, I25.6, I25.710, I25.711, I25.712, I25.718, I25.720, I25.721, I25.722, I25.728, I25.730, I25.731, I25.732, I25.738, I25.750, I25.751, I25.752, I25.758, I25.760, I25.761, I25.762, I25.768, I25.790, I25.791, I25.792, I25.798, I25.810, I25.811, I25.812, I25.83, I25.84, I25.89, I42.2, I42.3, I42.4, I42.5, I42.6, I42.7, I42.8, I43, I5A, I97.120, I97.121, I97.190, I97.191, R00.8, R06.01, R07.1, R07.2, R10.13, R40.4, Z86.73

The following ICD-10 code has been removed from the policy:
Z79.01

Revisions From MA07.026k:

01/01/2023

This policy has been identified for the CPT code update, effective 01/01/2023.

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of
the policy was completed at this time.

The following CPT codes have been termed and removed from this policy:

0497T, 0498T

Revisions From MA07.026j:

12/09/2022

This version of the policy will become effective 12/09/2022.

The policy has been reviewed and reissued to communicate the Company’s continuing position on Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring.

Revisions From MA07.026i:

10/01/2022

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of

the policy was completed at this time.

This policy has been identified for the ICD-10 code update, effective 10/01/2022.

The following ICD-10 code has been termed and removed from this policy:

I47.2 Ventricular tachycardia

The following ICD-10 codes have been added to this policy:

G90.A Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome [POTS]

I47.20 Ventricular tachycardia, unspecified

I47.21 Torsades de pointes

I47.29 Other ventricular tachycardia

Revisions From MA07.026h:

01/01/2022

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of
the policy was completed at this time.

This policy has been identified for the CPT code update, effective 01/01/2022.

The following CPT code has been added to this policy: C1833.

Revisions From MA07.026g:

09/22/2021	This policy has been reissued in accordance with the Company's annual review process.
07/01/2021	This policy has been identified for the CPT code update, effective 07/01/2021. Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of the policy was completed at this time. The following CPT code has been added to this policy as Medically Necessary: 0650T

Revisions From MA07.026f:

01/01/2021

This policy has been identified for the CPT code update, effective 01/01/2021.

Inclusion of a policy in a Code Update memo does not imply that a full review of
the policy was completed at this time.

The following CPT codes have been termed and removed from this policy:

0295T, 0296T, 0297T, 0298T

The following CPT codes have been added to this policy as Medically Necessary:

93241, 93242, 93243, 93244, 93245, 93246, 93247, 93248

Revisions From MA07.026e:

12/02/2020	The policy has been reviewed and reissued to communicate the Company’s continuing position on Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring.
01/01/2020	This version of the policy will become effective 01/01/2020. The following HCPCS code has been added to this policy: G2066 (Medically Necessary) The following CPT code has been termed to this policy: 93299 The following ICD-10 code has been added to this policy: R06.09 Other forms of dyspnea

Revisions From MA07.026d:

10/01/2019

This policy has been identified for the ICD-10 code update, effective 10/01/2019.

The following ICD-10 codes has been added to this policy:

I48.11 Longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation

I48.19 Other persistent atrial fibrillation

I48.20 Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified

I48.21 Permanent atrial fibrillation

The following ICD-10 codes has been deleted to this policy:

I48.1 Persistent atrial fibrillation

I48.2 Chronic atrial fibrillation

Revisions From MA07.026c:

01/01/2019

This version of the policy will become effective 01/01/2019.

The following CPT codes have been termed from this policy:
33282, 33284

The following CPT codes have been added to this policy:
33285, 33286

The CPT narratives have been revised for the following codes in this policy:
93285, 93291,93298, 93299

Revisions From MA07.026b:

10/01/2018

The following ICD-10 CM code has been added to this policy:

I63.89: Other cerebral infarction

The following ICD-10 CM code has been termed from this policy:

I63.8: Other cerebral infarction

Revisions From MA07.026a:

07/30/2018

This version of the policy will become effective 07/23/2018.

Policy statement added to support current experimental/investigational position for the use of ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) monitoring managed through a mobile application for smartphones and smartwatches

The following CPT codes have been added to this policy:

0497T (Experimental/Investigational)
0498T (Experimental/Investigational)

Revisions From MA07.026:

11/08/2017	The policy has been reviewed and reissued to communicate the Company’s continuing position on Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring.
09/14/2016	The policy has been reviewed and reissued to communicate the Company’s continuing position on Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG) Monitoring and Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT) Monitoring.
12/08/2015	This policy will become effective 12/08/2015. This policy has been developed to communicate Company's coverage criteria for ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG), including mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry monitoring.

Version Effective Date:

1/1/2025

Version Issued Date:

5/19/2025

Version Reissued Date: